In Kubernetes, there are three classes of Quality of Service pod containers.
If you don’t set resource limits for pods, they can be categorized as “best effort.” They will work, but they will need more resources at the first opportunity. In other words, constraints are necessary for the node to function correctly.
Following the practice of setting constraints and queries has several significant benefits to consider:
To solve the problem of the lack of restrictions and requests, we decided to use the Gatekeeper policy. It requires users to specify limits and requests when running containers in pods explicitly. However, after a short trial period, we found that not all customers follow the new rules. This has made it challenging to use our services.
We couldn’t implement a mandatory policy for setting limits and requests. Instead, we decided to use a standard mechanism in Kubernetes called LimitRange.
Pod Quality of Service is convenient, but it is resource-intensive. When a project is dynamic, there is simply no time for it.
LimitRange is a way to limit and set default values for resource usage (such as CPU and memory) in Kubernetes. Allows you to configure settings for different objects, such as pods or persistent storage requests (PersistentVolumeClaim), within a specific namespace.
LimitRange can also set default values for limits and resource requests for all containers running in this namespace.
In our case, after applying the LimitRange rule in the namespace, the values of limits and requests are automatically added to users’ containers, even if they do not specify them. This has made the process easier, but only within a single namespace.
To dynamically apply the LimitRange settings to all possible namespaces that customers can create, we used a tool called Shell-operator from Flint. Shell-operator allows us to monitor events in Kubernetes and run special scripts, such as hooks, in response to these events. We’ve set up a hand that automatically applies the LimitRange settings to each namespace you create.
LimitRange and Shell-operator are easier to use. It is more convenient for customers to set resource limits rather than calculate them to the byte.
We used Gatekeeper to enforce security policies centrally, and it also helped fix some vulnerabilities in the underlying Kubernetes system. For example, there is a dangerous directive called hostPath, through which attackers could implement various threats:
To address all of these vulnerabilities, we applied a Gatekeeper policy called host filesystem. It allowed us to specify which directories can be mounted and set rules for accessing them.
In addition, we have restricted host PID and IPC settings in our clusters. Attackers could use these settings to access processes on the host, view pod environment variables, and even view file descriptors.
LimitRange can also set default values for limits and resource requests for all containers running in this namespace.
In our case, after applying the LimitRange rule in the namespace, the values of limits and requests are automatically added to users’ containers, even if they do not specify them. This has made the process easier, but only within a single namespace.
To dynamically apply the LimitRange settings to all possible namespaces that customers can create, we used a tool called Shell-operator from Flant. Shell-operator allows us to monitor events in Kubernetes and run special scripts, such as hooks, in response to these events. We’ve set up a hand that automatically applies the LimitRange settings to each namespace you create.
LimitRange and Shell-operator are easier to use. It is more convenient for customers to set resource limits rather than calculate them to the byte.
Also Read: Impact Of Not Preparing Processes For Kubernetes Deployment
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